Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

Diary - Assignment Example case, in U.S.A Mendoza uncovers how the administration passed laws that forbid specialists from directing halfway birth premature birth in spite of the risks of dead embryo (Mendoza 625). Mendoza feels that more ought to be done to diminish unsuccessful labors and premature birth rates and its outcomes. She contends that specialists ought to be progressively learned in D &Es in expulsion of dead baby from the belly without including their patients’ inconveniences, which is through debilitating particular organs or contaminations. In doing some exploration, looking for friends’ assessments and sponsorship up her contention by refering to data from CDC. Mendoza discovers that in excess of 66,000 ladies in the US should experience express dispiriting and agonizing fetus removal encounters generally between 13 to 20 weeks while other 4000 prematurely deliver every year yet they don't get appropriate heath care and treatment (Mendoza 625). Mendoza has not digressed from unique substance where she discusses wellbeing and medication just as those we concentrated during a week ago. She backs up her contention from fluctuated studies’ information like CDC, American Journal where she tells about intricacies and issues ladies experience at the very latest conveying. Thus she accepts that ladies are at a more serious danger of incomplete birth fetus removal (Mendoza 626). Hence looking on how Mendoza has contended in this article, in view of her own understanding and refering to data from different sources she fits appropriately on different articles on wellbeing and medication that I have perused from the previous few

Writing News Stories for the Web

Composing News Stories for the Web Journalism’s future is unmistakably on the web, so it’s significant for any hopeful columnist to become familiar with the rudiments of composing for the web. Newswriting and web composing are comparative from multiple points of view, so if you’ve done reports, figuring out how to compose for the web shouldn’t be hard. Here are a few hints: Keep It Short Perusing from a PC screen is more slow than perusing from a paper. So if news stories should be short, online stories should be much shorter. A general dependable guideline: web substance ought to have about half the same number of words as its printed equal. So keep your sentences short and limit yourself to one primary thought for every passage. Short passages only a sentence or two each-look less forcing on a website page. Split It Up In the event that you do have an article that’s on the longish side, don’t attempt to pack it onto one page. Split it up into a few pages, utilizing a plainly noticeable â€Å"continued on next page† interface at the base. Write in the Active Voice Recollect the Subject-Verb-Object model from newswriting. Use it for web composing too. S-V-O sentences written in the dynamic voice will in general be short and to the point. Utilize the Inverted Pyramid Sum up the central matter of your article directly toward the beginning, similarly as you would in the lede of a report. Put the most significant data in the top portion of your article, the less significant stuff in the base half. Feature Key Words Use boldface content to feature particularly significant words and expressions. Be that as it may, utilize this sparingly; on the off chance that you feature an excessive amount of content, nothing will stick out. Use Bulleted and Numbered Lists This is another method of featuring significant data and separating lumps of content that might be getting excessively long. Use Subheads Subheads are another approach to feature focuses and separate content into easy to use pieces. Be that as it may, keep your subheads clear and educational, not â€Å"cute.† Use Hyperlinks Wisely Use hyperlinks to associate surfers to other site pages that are identified with your article. Yet, use hyperlinks just when required; in the event that you can sum up the data briefly without connecting somewhere else, do as such.

Blog Archive Long Term MBA Planning Firm Sponsorship

Blog Archive Long Term MBA Planning Firm Sponsorship Firm-sponsored candidates are quite appealing to Admissions Committees, as the committee knows that these candidates  will be employed upon graduation and that their post-MBA goals are within reach. Furthermore, the Admissions Committee will sleep better at night, knowing that their BusinessWeek responses will see a small statistical benefit in the “percentage of candidates employed upon graduation” and possibly even “average starting salary” categories. Firm sponsorship is almost always an asset. We have worked with unsponsored clients, of course, but we have also worked with many clients who have been unaware that their firms sponsor employees. For that sake, we have worked with clients whose firms did not have sponsorship programs, but created them when our candidates brought forth the idea. So, first things first, you need to discover if your firm has such a program and then, if they do, you need to learn all you can about the process for earning a firm scholarship. We have worked with international clients who have needed to apply internally 1.5 years before their proposed programs would begin; obviously, in such cases, you do not want to be applying at the last moment. Similarly, if you are going to “invent” your company’s program, this might take months of bureaucratic haggling and decision making. This is certainly a process that you should start now. We offer specific pre-application services for those interested in charting a clear course to their MBA. Share ThisTweet Long Term MBA Planning

Depression Through the Different Developmental Stages - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 532 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Depression Essay Did you like this example? Depression is a condition that persists over time and increases in intensity that can impair ones ability to live the way they want to. Within each developmental stage, the signs and causes of depression are different. The three developmental stages that are being discussed are childhood, adolescence and the elderly. The difference in depression for each developmental stage is different. For childhood depression, children as young as four are being diagnosed with depression. The episodes are shorter with more physical symptoms because children cannot always verbalize their feelings. With adolescences, they feel physical changes within themselves and their bodies, separation from parents or guardians, social network, education goals, and sexual orientation. Those who suffer depression late in life often describe a sense of emptiness and that the world is closing in on them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Depression Through the Different Developmental Stages" essay for you Create order Some of the causes linked to childhood depression are biological, genetic, psycho social causes. Depression runs in families, children have about 20% chance of developing depression if one or more members of their family has been experienced depression. Other causes for childhood depression are social and cultural reasons, bullying, technology, internet, and poverty. Those causes can also be seen for adolescence depression as well. But teenagers are also trying to be liked everyone else and fit in the right crowd. Adults just view it as a phase they are going through. Depression in the elderly may be as they are get older that they feel like they are no longer needed, they may have lost their spouse, or their children and family may hardly visit them or not at all. Depression is hard to diagnose in each developmental group and have specific symptoms. Symptoms in children it will be more physical, such as tummy aches, headaches. Not feeling well, clingy, separation, and anxiety because they are unable to verbalize what they are feeling. With adolescence, they start to have feelings of hopelessness. Some even try to hurt themselves on the outside to make them feel the same pain they feel inside. The elderly want to keep their independence. They do not want to show that they can no longer take care of themselves and have to rely on others. The most common treatments for depression are biological, social, cultural, and psychological treatments. Treatment for children may include play therapy, one on one sessions with therapists introducing dolls or other objects to help children act out their feelings. Adolescence may need biological therapy or medication, but only in extreme cases. The elderly may do well in group sessions so they know that they are not the only ones who feel lonely or empty inside. By knowing the symptoms of depression in each developmental stage can lead to treating the person and getting them the help that they need. References Big Think. (2011, June 14). Why teenagers are so depressed [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEOP2V0sg0E Emory University. (2012, August 12). Fuqua Center for Late-Life Depression 10th Anniversary [Video file] Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPMeAOBtfpw Feldman Robert. Essential of understanding psychology Access Card 12th Edition Tvoparents. (2012, April 27). Childhood Depression: A Parents Primer [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZnVbZm20YQ

Results and Discussions - Mauritian SMEs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2537 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 5.1 INTRODUCTION The study of Mauritian SMEs was done with particular reference to the following 3 sectors: Leather and Garments Wood and Furniture Paper products and Printing Both face to face interview and questionnaires were used to obtain the required information. The data collected were entered into SPSS 20 and the results were analysed using the figures and tables obtained. 5.2 COMPANY DATA (a) Age of entrepreneurs Figure 5.1: Age Group of Owner/Manager It is disturbing to note that only 5% of the entrepreneurs surveyed were below 30 years and only 32.5% below 40 years. This is a matter of concern and indicates that not many young people are prepared to take risks in entrepreneurship and to deal with administrative hassles associated with the setting up of an enterprise. The difficulty in having access to finance in the absence or insufficient collateral at a young age may also be a cause. During discussions, a few of them have indicated that their children, after having pursued higher education, have stayed abroad and are not interested in taking over the business although the parents have succeeded in the enterprise. (b)Year s in operation Figure 5.2: No. of years company is in operation Only 10% of enterprises have been established within the last three years whereas 65% have more than 15 years. This is rather worrying. A partial explanation may reside in the fact that some of the new enterprises are in the infant stage and are still micro enterprises. With adequate support, many of them will grow. In Mauritius and elsewhere in the world, there are instances where micro enterprises have grown into large and even very large enterprises. (c) Family members working in the enterprise Figure 5.3: Family members working for the company 28 SMEs i.e 70% have family members working in the enterprise either full time, part time or during peak periods only. Of these, 19 SMEs have family members working full time, 3 SMEs having family members working part time and 6 SMEs having family members working during peak periods only. The 6 SMEs having family members working during peak periods only are probably not paid or paid below market rate. This suggests that they have recourse to bootstrapping finance at times. 5.3 MARKETING (a) Budget for marketing Figure 5.4: Budget for Marketing Marketing is an expensive activity. 42.5% of SMEs do not provide a budget for marketing. Often, they are well established in the locality where they operate and do not seek to enlarge their market. They do not have a clear vision of their business in the medium and long term and possibly lack ambition too. The opportunity for growth is greatly reduced in the absence of marketing. Owing to the size of the enterprise and the limited financial resources, 23.5% of them find marketing too expensive and 58.8% does marketing by word of mouth only. (b) Marketing/Promotional tools 57.5% of the SMEs have a marketing budget. Of these,43.4% participates extensively or moderately in regional or international trade fairs. The Government refund scheme per SME to the tune of Rs 200 000 per annum for participation has been an encouraging factor. Table 5.1: An indication about how the marketing/promotional tools are used. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Results and Discussions Mauritian SMEs" essay for you Create order Extensively % Moderately % Irregularly % Very little % Not at all % Local advertising (TV, radio, newspapers, billboards, leaflets etc) 4.3 39.1 30.4 4.3 21.7 Local trade fairs 26.1 34.8 13.0 4.3 21.7 Regional or International Trade fairs 21.7 21.7 8.7 13.0 34.8 Professional Marketing Services 8.7 13.0 8.7 13.0 56.5 Personal Selling/Direct Marketing 60.9 21.7 4.3 0 13.0 Web Page/ Email/ Facebook/Twitter/ Sms etc. 34.8 8.7 17.4 4.3 34.8 (c) Effect of marketing budget on level of sales 21 SMEs answered this question. Of these, 15 respondents considered the marketing budget have a moderate effect and 6 respondents as having a high effect on level of sales. (d) Product concept v/s Conventional Marketing Product concept: The product is developed first and then the firm searches for market. Conventional marketing: The customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ needs and preferences are identified first and the product is developed accordingly. Figure 5.5: Concept adopting for marketing 8.7% of SMEs surveyed adopt the product concept compared to 34.8% adopting the conventional marketing and 56.5% using both of them. It is encouraging to note that 91.3% adopt the conventional marketing for at least part of their production. This is indicative of the awareness of entrepreneurs on the necessity to continually innovate and to satisfy the needs and tastes of customers and to follow the market trend. FINANCE Finance to start business 41% of SMEs surveyed reported that they started their business with either their personal savings or their personal savings plus help from friends and relatives. It is indicative of a strong equity base and risk takers who do not hesitate to venture into enterprises with their own funds. Figure 5.6: The source of finance of surveyed SMEs Awareness of loans offered at concessionary rate Table 5.2: Awareness of loans offered at concessionary rate Sector operating * Awareness of loans offered at concessionary rates by Government agencies Crosstabulation % of Total Awareness of loans offered at concessionary rates by Government agencies Total Not informed at all Not well informed So/So Moderately informed Well informed Sector operating Leather and Garments 5.0% 2.5% 10.0% 12.5% 12.5% 42.5% Wood and Furniture 2.5% 2.5% 10.0% 7.5% 7.5% 30.0% Paper products and printing 2.5% 2.5% 12.5% 10.0% 27.5% Total 7.5% 7.5% 22.5% 32.5% 30.0% 100.0% Table 5.2 indicates the degree of awareness of loans offered at concessionary rates. It is noted that only 62.5% of SMEs surveyed stated that they are either moderately informed or well informed. The activities of Government agencies should be further advertised through the media and through talks in various localities. Their services should be made known to entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs. Access to Finance Table 5.3: Access to Finance Sector operating * Rate access to finance for SMEs Crosstabulation % of Total Rate access to finance for SMEs Total Easy Reasonable So/So Difficult Very difficult Sector operating Leather and Garments 2.6% 15.4% 2.6% 20.5% 41.0% Wood and Furniture 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 30.8% Paper products and printing 5.1% 5.1% 5.1% 10.3% 2.6% 28.2% Total 7.7% 30.8% 17.9% 41.0% 2.6% 100.0% It is somewhat worrying to note that 41% of SMEs surveyed consider access to finance as difficult. The Leather and Garments sector is particularly affected and it is indicative that the financial institutions are rather pessimistic about the business prospects in this sector. Loans from Commercial Banks Figure 5.7: Main obstacle for obtaining loans from Commercial Banks Almost half of them considered the high interest rate as the main obstacle. Since commercial banks are very cautious in advancing loans to SMEs, Government has set up in the 2014 budget a scheme whereby it will guarantee loans to SMEs directly to commercial banks up to 70% of any amount of loss incurred. This will be of help to them. Different loan schemes offered by DBM Ltd Figure 5.8: Different loan schemes offered by DBM Ltd Figure 5.8 indicates that 68.8% consider the different loan schemes offered by DBM Ltd as either satisfactory or very good. Time required for approval of loan by DBM Ltd Figure 5.9: Time required for approval of loan by DBM Ltd. It is distressing to note that 76.6% of SMEs surveyed consider the time required for disbursement of loans from DBM Ltd to be long or very long. This is a major hurdle to entrepreneurs and would be entrepreneurs. SMEs may encounter a temporary problem with cash flow/working capital and may need financing rather quickly. On the other hand, most would be entrepreneur cannot afford to wait long and at the end may set aside their projects. Cost of finance for SMEs Figure 5.10: Cost of finance for SMEs 44.4% of SMEs consider the cost of finance as reasonable, 36.1% as expensive and 16.7% as very expensive. Leasing as an alternative source of finance Table 5.4: Leasing as an alternative source of finance Sector operating * Are you prepared to consider leasing as an alternative source of financing? Crosstabulation % of Total Are you prepared to consider leasing as an alternative source of financing? Total No Yes Sector operating Leather and Garments 22.5% 20.0% 42.5% Wood and Furniture 7.5% 22.5% 30.0% Paper products and printing 17.5% 10.0% 27.5% Total 47.5% 52.5% 100.0% 52.5% are prepared to consider leasing, particularly in the wood and furniture sector. Summary of financial problems encountered by SMEs Although 62.5% are moderately or well informed about loans at concessionary rates by Government agencies, only 17.9% turns towards DBM Ltd compared to 38.4% for Commercial banks, although the latters charge higher interest rates. SMEs view the bureaucratic procedures at DBM Ltd as burdensome and the long time for disbursement of loans as discouraging. On the other hand, commercial banks view SMEs as higher risk clients and demand relatively high collateral. Consequently, 43.6% of SMEs surveyed consider access to finance to be difficult or very difficult. 5.5 IT, TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT (a) Production process Figure 5.11: Production process of SMEs The study reveals that only 12.5% of SMEs are using high tech and computerised equipment in their production process. The use of obsolete machines with inefficient technology affects productivity, product quality and output. Although 90% of the SMEs surveyed are aware of the advantages of IT and te chnology innovation, only 62% are taking advantage of them. As for the rest, investment in equipment is considered too expensive and lack of knowledge in using IT is an impediment. (b) Investment in IT or technology improvement as a percentage of total assets Figure 5.12: Investment in IT or technology improvement as a percentage of total assets for the past 5 years. (c) Foreign technical advice or consultancy 41% of the SMEs benefitted from foreign technical advice or consultancy during the past 5 years. Of these more than three quarters was the result of their personal initiative. (d) Technical advice or technical assistance from local support institutions 36.4% of SMEs benefitted from technical advice or technical assistance in technology improvement from local support institutions during the past 5 years. (e) E-commerce and website 36% uses e-commerce and 54.5% have a website for their business. To promote the visibility of SMEs and to help in the marketing and export activities, Government has announced that it will provide a free basic website for all SMEs. 5.6 COMPETITIVENESS AND EXPORT Nature of market Figure 5.13: Nature of market The survey shows that most of the product as destined to the domestic market as shown in Figure 5.13. Some SMEs do export from time to time, principally to the region but not on a regular basis. Difficulties encountered in the export market. Figure 5.14: Difficulties encountered in the export market Only 18 respondents answered this open-ended question and the 6 reasons given are presented in Figure 5.14. Logistics hurdles were the most frequently mentioned followed by uncompetitive prices on the export market. The risk of default in payment is also an important factor that SMEs take into consideration in view of their relatively modest financial resources. A number of SMEs are not interested in export activities. The figure is indicative of the rather low competitiveness of Mauritian products as a result of expensiveness of imported raw materials compounded with high transportation costs and probably with relatively higher wages. Some SMEs have stated that even in the SADC and COMESA market, the advantage of the relative proximity is nullified by the high charges claimed by the freight forwarders and shipping lines and the higher cost associated with modest volumes of exports. Competition Figure 5.15: Competition SMEs view imported goods as the strongest competitor in the domestic market as shown in Figure 5.15. Trade liberalisation and the lowering of tariffs as per WTO regulations have benefited big foreign producers with economies of scale. Lowering of transportation and communication costs in general have also been beneficial to them. One SME in the wood and furniture sector mentioned that foreign companies established in Mauritius manufacturing furniture to measure as its strongest competitor. The preliminary works and measurements are done by the local subsidiary, the production done overseas and subsequently installation done by the local subsidiary. The major drawback is the time taken to complete the work. Foreign partner Table 5.5: Working with a foreign partner (a)Are you already working with a foreign partner? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid No 38 95.0 95.0 95.0 Yes 2 5.0 5.0 100.0 Total 40 100.0 100.0 Table 5.6: Considering to join with a foreign partner (b)Are you considering to join with a foreign partner? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid No 32 80.0 80.0 80.0 Yes 8 20.0 20.0 100.0 Total 40 100.0 100.0 Tables 5.5 and 5.6 are self-explanatory. However, during discussions, it is noted that SMEs are aware of the advantages of such venture in terms of equity participation, access to new markets and acquisition of innovative technology. A number of them do not wish to join with a foreign partner because they are satisfied with the current situation, want to retain their independence or are too old. Clustering Table 5.7: Clustering Sector operating * Do you favour the concept of clustering? Crosstabulation % of Total Do you favour the concept of clustering? Total No Yes Sector operating Leather and Garments 17.9% 25.6% 43.6% Wood and Furniture 17.9% 12.8% 30.8% Paper products and printing 15.4% 10.3% 25.6% Total 51.3% 48.7% 100.0% Table 5.7 shows that 48.7% favour the concept of clustering. The higher percentage in favour comes from the leather and garments sector. From discussions, it is felt that there is a lack of trust among Mauritian SMEs. Some fear that the other SME may become a potential competitor if they get a better idea of: Their production process Their volume of production Their markets And make acquaintance with their workforce. While acknowledging that clustering can be beneficial to SMEs, they believe that it will take years before Mauritians will put this concept into practice. However, one of the respondents is already engaged in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“International Clusteringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  whereby the raw materials and semi-finished product is from a foreign country and the rest is completed in Mauritius. Sub-contracting Figure 5.16: Sub-contracting Only 25% of SMEs benefit sub-contracting works from large Mauritian firms. This is unfortunate as SMEs usually have lower overheads. They have a greater flexibility, can specialise in some types of production and be useful in peak periods to help large companies to meet tight deadlines. To encourage large businesses to sub contract work to SMEs, the Ministry of Business, Enterprise and Cooperatives will come forward with a National Inclusive Business Award to reward and recognize efforts made by large enterprises in this direction. Export potential Figure 5.17: Export potential Whereas some of the SMEs have learnt about export potential through their business contacts and some through SMEDA, most of them turn to Enterprise Mauritius as shown in Figure 5.17. Although EM caters for both SMEs and large enterprises, the perception is that EM is more focused on bigger volumes of export from large companies. Since the volumes of export from SMEs are limited, EM had recourse to groupage of cargo from different SMEs for export. Achieving ISO/Various National Standards Figure 5.18: Achieving ISO/National Standards Only 15.4% of SMEs did receive help from national support institutions to improve their product quality. The Mauritius Standards Bureau only tests the conformity to specific standards. 5.7 MISCELLANEOUS Industrial space Figure 5.19: Renting industrial space Only 10% of SMEs surveyed are renting industrial space from Government agencies. Half of them find the rental rate expensive. Some even find that private industrial spaces are cheaper. To address this issue, Government will grant a rent subsidy of 50% on new industrial units for the first three years. Time to start operations Figure 5.20: Time to start operations Only 42.5% consider the time to start operation as reasonable. It is indicative of the bureaucratic procedures and administrative hurdles encountered by SMEs before setting up a business. There is a need to simplify and streamline all the procedures so as not to discourage the potential entrepreneurs. Additional service Figure 5.21 Only 15 SMEs answered this open-ended question. Of these, more than half would like to have additional support in the export market as shown in Figure 5.21. Business prospects for the next 3 years Figure 5.22: Business prospects for the next 3 years This question has been answered by all participants. The figure speaks by itself and reflects the mood of the SMEs at the present time.

5th Paper Final Draft - 1186 Words

Julian Malile Professor Tommasi Expository Writing 2 December 2014 Writings Involvement with Self and Society The self is expressed in a multitude of ways ranging from speeches to television as well as writing. Not only that but as human beings it is instinctual to make an observation and write it down, but we tend to add our own personal view as to what we believe, or interpret something entirely else from the observation. By reading Karen Hos Biographies of Hegemony and Jean Twenges An Army of One: Me essays as well as Robert Thurmans Wisdom it is evident that each employed a distinctive argument and method to explain their views on what they wrote but what each of them shared in common was how their writing allowed their†¦show more content†¦Their entitlement and self worth is not in them it is constantly told to them and so they believe it when in actuality these people who run our countries finances may not be the smartest. They [investment bankers] make Harvard students feel like they are best and are constantly reminded of that (Ho 1 76). By Ho showing the mindset behind these people to the public she helped bring society to the realization that the investment bankers although obtained knowledge at these elite institutions they, investment bankers, are not very different from the rest of society. The students, investment bankers as well as the rest of society are placed on a level playing field and in turn Ho brings them all together as well as her self. In addition to revealing to people what the true self of others was, Jean Twenge explains in An Army of One: Me that the self is changing with generation after another specifically in the twentieth century. Twenge argues that over the second half of the twentieth century, Americans have become more about individual celebration rather than the being worried about other. 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Criminology Theories And Delinquency Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Criminology Theories And Delinquency. Answer: Criminal justice theories Criminology theories provide an empirical insight into the factors that are important to explain crime and delinquency. The theory in focus in this paper is the labelling theory. This theory was among the first criminology theories to address both criminality aspect by an individual and the impact of societal reaction on criminal behaviours (Davies, Croall Tyrer, 2010). For a behavior or action to be considered a crime there must be laws in place. For example, during the prohibition era, it was illegal to associate yourself with anything that involves alcohol. This included possessing, manufacturing or distribution of alcohol. Individuals who possessed, manufactured or distributed alcohol were deemed to be criminals . Labelling theorists suggests that a complete picture of deviance or crime cannot be attained just examining the individuals committing the crime and their characteristics (Haugen Musser, 2009). It is common to think that when we refer to a theory in Criminology, it seeks to explain the causes of crime by exploring factors and actions of the individual who is considered guilty of this. Nothing is further from reality, the theory of labeling explains how the social reaction is that which labels someone as a criminal and not the criminal act itself. The labeling theory explains how the community classifies who is not a delinquent and who is a delinquent. Today the theory does not have the same prominence as in the years 1960s and 70s(Inciardi, 2010). This theory uses two concepts that are very interesting which relate to deviation , which are the reaction of the society and lkabelling as a delinquent. This are primary and secondary deviation. The society expresses displeasure on a criminal and puts a label on the person who commits it. The process by which a subject is labeled is simple, with one example is enough to understand how this works. The same theory states that we ar e conditioned by social reaction and act accordingly. Therefore, if society puts a certain label, it is most likely that we act in that way (Merino, 2013). Hypothesis Can the character of a person determine if they are criminals? Research design In research design, various strategies were used to integrate the components of the study in a logical and coherent way. A questionnaire was used to collect the data in which population demographics was used to make the research in relation to crime. The questionnaires had different questions that were based on having people to get the population design (Merino, 2013). Questionnaire General information Which se(gender) are you representing? .................................................. Number of years serving of the respondent. Are you gang affiliated? Yes ( ) ( ) Others-Specify Number of inner city Hispanics that are in criminal activities . Why are young men being involved in criminal activities? What is the percentage population that is being involved in crime? Why does youre department involve in criminal risk management? What duration are criminal offenders stay? Does your family have a crime history? Are you affiliated to any criminal gang in the country ? Hypothesis Test Based on the hypothesis in this study, the conclusion is that the character of a person can determine if someone is a criminal. The hypothesis above is factual, given that the character of a person is based on numerous environmental, social and ecponomic conditions upon which a person is raised. For juveniles growing in hoods, most of them end up in crime. This is due to many factors including the fact that peer influence and other factors are prime in moulding the character. Independent Variables The independent variable identified in this study ranged from the demographic changes, age , subject, religious background, role models, gang membership and heroes. It is seen in the questionnaire that the ages in which one is prone to crime is between the ages of 12- 25. Most of these men who are Hispanics and blacks are affiliated to various gangs. The gangs fight for control over drugs areas and other crimes like controlling prostitution money. They induct themselves in the gangs and start the criminal activities (Parker, 2015). They are also from various religions which includes, Christianity, Islamic religions and other dont profess any religion. The sample of subjects that the people choose from includes the incarceration sentence, counselling, pardon and other methods of dealing with crime (Merino, 2013). Although the questionnaires were the main way of identifying and collecting information. Others included; interviews, observations and telephone calls. Limitations to the study There are various limitations related to the study. The limitations include; Cost of doing the survey or the study Gang threats while conducting the study Lack of interest from the interviews Long working hours Illiteracy from the gang members some of whom were unable to fill the questionnaires appropriately References Davies, M., Croall, H., Tyrer, J. (2010).Criminal justice. New York: Pearson Longman. Haugen, D., Musser, S. (2009).Criminal justice. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Inciardi, J. (2010).Criminal justice. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Merino, N. (2013).Criminal Justice. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. Parker, B. (2015).Criminal Justice. Open Road Media Mystery Thriller.

Entrepreneurship, Innovation Dynamic Capitalism

Executive Summary Enhancing the use of technological program was initiated to improve the efficiency in business achievement through the use of table computers. For instance, the use of iPad, iPhone iPod, and other mobile applications has revolutionized the technological development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Entrepreneurship, Innovation Dynamic Capitalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through the program, all mobile users are expected to be technologically literate by the time the users finish the eighth grade. For instance, the finance management â€Å"tablet† devices to be designed will incorporate the use of information technology. The program also includes skills development where 25% of the funds are allocated to train the workers who are manufacturing â€Å"tablet† devices. Only state of the art manufacturers and agencies are eligible for the grant and loans to improve on the produc tion of such technologically driven products. With the information received from the potential investors, the partners intend to invest in an area with a high potential venture and business that has relatively high returns, immediately after graduation. This is because at that time, the mind is still fresh and capable of maximizing the market dynamics. The company intends to create a number of employment opportunities for those who are in business and other fresh graduates. As a new venture into the business, the proprietor felt that the technologically driven products had a future in the competitive market due to increasing preference for such products. Since the business is capital intensive, a number of investors are expected to take part in carrying out the business activities. Introduction The Management of Finance unit includes the review, monitoring and implementation strategies, which are workable. It also involves the daily finance management of various business operations. Apart from the mobile users, the â€Å"tablet† devices are also suitable for both the departments in large organizations as well as micro-businesses. It provides users with the necessary financial and technical expertise that are valuable to the management of everyday business operations in workplaces, schools and home. The finance management â€Å"tablet† devices, for example, will equip the mobile users with the knowledge of multimedia software, which is known as Great Plains (GP). The software is used in the finance and non-finance industry to manage sales of various companies. Sales managers used it to capture the details of their clients, and to reconcile the individual customer’s account.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion The people to be involved in planning for the business should represent the interest of all investors. Among those exp ected to be in the committee include the investment experts and school administrators. The business experts would be useful since they help in determining the content of the â€Å"tablet† devices. Members of the state and local business agencies should also be included so that they can evaluate the suitability of the program. Partners should also be represented because they will need to help the mobile sellers. Also expected in the committee are experts in the technological field. Their expertise will be helpful when designing and selecting the suitable programs that would steer the organization to success. The programs designed, should be flexible enough to allow full inclusion and equity of the prospected partners with special needs. The inclusion of diverse groups in the investment will ensure that it exploits the opportunities available in the market. The various contributions made, should be taken into consideration when implementing the business programs. The main peopl e who will benefit from the program are the mobile users. Enhancing business through technology is a program that is expected to increase and enhance the technological knowledge of the mobile users. Technology is not expected to replace the normal method of learning new skills, but to supplement it. The company would find ways to make sure that the mobile users are equipped with all the necessary skills to use the features of the phone, thus make it user friendly. The â€Å"tablet† device manufacturers will also benefit because of postulated increase in sales, especially if they are used properly, thus the program can be of great importance to them. These â€Å"tablet† device manufacturers will have access to the other â€Å"tablet† device manufacturers and partners thus enabling easy sharing of information. As a â€Å"tablet† devices designer, the company would get the chance to build something new that will be based on the needs of the mobile users, hen ce boost sales of the product and helps in the development of the business. Though the program is intended to start displaying the smart phones, there are already mobile users who do not have the basic knowledge and so every step will have an introduction to technology so that mobile users can get a good foundation. Besides, the mobile users will then progress slowly as they add their knowledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Entrepreneurship, Innovation Dynamic Capitalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The technological field is large and it keeps on changing hence one cannot exhaust it fully. Choosing between the desired and the actual needs is a challenge that any â€Å"tablet† devices designer has to face and overcome. The â€Å"tablet† devices will not be exhaustive to the mobile users and they should find it fun enough to do since it is practically impossible to live without the basic kno wledge of technology in the modern world and it is therefore necessary to equip the mobile users early. There are many benefits of learning technology at this level. First, the mobile users get a chance to advance their interest in the phones with specific features that they need. By learning how to use technology efficiently, the mobile users get a chance to enhance their knowledge by using the internet enabled phones. They can look for additional information regarding the various topics that they find interesting in their daily business and social interaction. Secondly, it prepares the mobile users who desire to have a career in the technological field, a chance to have an early start. When the users are through with their business, they will not have to start from the beginning but they will widen their scope and invent new ideas. The other benefit is that â€Å"tablet† device manufacturers will get a chance to share knowledge with each other and get a better chance of res earching on various businesses. In addition, the â€Å"tablet† device manufacturers can find better ways of doing business and delivering the expected services. This will enhance their knowledge and improve their work efficiency considerably. Furthermore, the tutors will also find it easier to prepare reports, lesson plans and other records. The â€Å"tablet† device manufacturers will have direct access to the partnership with the company and this will give them a chance to discuss the outcome and claim from the mobile users. According to the company, the mobile users are expected to use technology related terms that he or she has learnt. Importantly, the mobile users should know how to work with several software applications, know how to use computer peripherals such as printers and describe the characteristics of input, processing and output. At this stage, the mobile users should know how to use local area networks, wide area networks and the internet to enhance its use, thus it is the responsibility of the company to device the most appropriate means of marketing. The mobile users would also be expected to have the knowledge to operate the system, software applications, communication tools and network components of the mobiles. He/she should know to use the various storage devices, know the difference between analog and digital technology and be proficient in the use of the input devices. As a new company, the management would spend more time training the users on the features of the mobile.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proforma Income Statement Item Year I ($) Sales 4,705,000 Cost of goods sold 1,751,000 Gross profit 2,954,000 Expenses Wages and salaries 1,920,000 Rent – Water 20,000 Telephone 35,000 Electricity 22,000 Advertising 20,000 Stationary 42,000 Postage 4,500 Transport 200,000 Depreciation 10,000 Interest 40,000 Repairs and Maintenance 21,000 Total Expenses 2,334,500 Net Profit before tax 619,500 Provision for tax 238,000 Net Profit after tax 381,000 Proforma Cash Flow Statement for the Company Receipts (Inflows) Jan $ Feb $ Mar $ Apr $ May $ Jun $ Jul $ Aug $ Sep $ Oct $ Nov $ Dec $ Total $ Balance B/F – 10,500 36,000 46,500 82,000 147,500 125,500 208,000 390,500 641,000 758,000 977,000 3,423,000 Cash Sales 100,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 310,000 290,000 320,000 350,000 310,000 360,000 350,000 120,000 3,260,000 Credit Sales 100,000 80,000 80,000 40,000 50,000 30,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 170,000 195,000 250 1,445,00 0 Capital Introduced 120,000 50,000 10,000 – – – – – – – – – 180,000 Other Income 60,000 80,000 60,000 60,000 70,000 60,000 80,000 60,000 80,000 40,000 60,000 100,000 810,000 Total Receipts (A) 370,000 420,500 436,500 446,500 512,000 527,500 625,000 768,000 980,500 1,211,000 1,363,000 1,447,000 5,799,500 Payments(Outflows) Cash Purchases 161,000 150,000 150,000 100,000 100,000 150,000 130,000 150,000 100,000 180,000 150,000 90,000 1,611,000 Credit Purchases – – 10,000 30,000 30,000 20,000 50,000 – – – – – 140,000 Salaries/Wages 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 160,000 1,920,000 Rents/Rates/Water 4,000 10,000 10,000 11,000 11,000 15,000 12,000 13,000 15,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 1,146,000 Property Tax 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000 Electrici ty/Advertisement 3,000 4,000 3,500 4,000 4,000 4,000 3,000 4,000 3,500 3,000 3,000 3,000 42,000 Maintenance/Repair – – – – – 3,000 3,000 3,000 4,000 3,000 5,000 – 21,000 Insurance 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 6,000 Leasing Payments – – – – – – – – – – – – – Drawings – – – – – – – – – – – – – Interest Charges 3,000 2,000 4,000 3,000 3,000 4,000 4,500 4,000 3,000 3,500 4,000 2,000 40,000 Capital Expenditure 3,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 3,000 – – 3,000 5,000 – 5,000 7,000 38,000 Telephone 2,000 3,000 2,000 3,500 3,500 3,500 4,000 2,500 3,000 3,000 4,000 2,000 35,000 Postage – 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 – 500 – 4,500 Stationery/Printing 2,000 4,000 5,000 4,000 4,000 3,500 4,000 3,000 4,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 42,500 Transportation 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 20,000 20,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 20,000 10,000 200,000 Vehicle Running Cost – – – – – – – – – – – – – V.A.T Payable 20,000 20,000 25,000 20,000 20,000 18,000 20,000 18,000 20,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 226,000 Total Payments (B) 369,500 384,000 390,500 364,500 364,500 402,000 517,000 377,500 339,500 453,000 386,000 307,500 4,555,500 Net Cash Outflows (A-B) 10,500 36,500 46,500 82,000 147,500 125,500 208,000 390,500 641,500 758,000 977,000 1,140,000 Net Cash Flows 10,500 47,000 93,500 175,500 323,000 448,500 656,500 1,047,000 1,688,000 2,446 3,423,000 4,563 If the firm projected the operating cash flows for the fist five years as shown, Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 Initial Investment $1M Cash Flow 50K 150K 300K 500K Terminal Value $5m Then, Cost of the Capital The annual cost of capital wo uld be 50K and each business partner will contribute a percentage of the total. Net Present Value Note: the Net present value is calculated at 12 percent for the period of five years. Therefore, the entire business is acceptable because the NPV is greater than zero. Equity Shares of the Co-founders Since the co-founders are confident at 75 percent, Their equity share for the return of $1M would be calculated as follows Conclusion In sum, the â€Å"tablet† device manufacturers will have to evaluate the mobile users differently so that she or he can determine the success of the Finance management program that the company uses in doing business, especially using the Great Plain system. Evaluations will be done differently starting from the elementary level to the secondary level. At the elementary level, asking the pupils simple questions regarding what they have learnt will determine whether the â€Å"tablet† device manufacturers has been successful in getting her objectives. At the higher levels, the â€Å"tablet† device manufacturers will need to evaluate the mobile users in a more comprehensive manner. This essay on Entrepreneurship, Innovation Dynamic Capitalism was written and submitted by user Abigail Dixon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Science Projects for Every Subject

Science Projects for Every Subject How many times have you seen a science demonstration or watched a cool video and wished you could do something similar? While having a science lab certainly expands the type of projects you can do, there are many entertaining and fascinating projects you can do using everyday materials found in your own home or classroom. The projects listed here are grouped according to subject, so no matter what youre interested in, youll find an exciting activity. Youll find projects for every age and skill level, generally intended for the home or a basic school lab. To understand the basics of chemical reactions, start with the classic baking soda volcano or get a little more advanced and make your own hydrogen gas. Next,  learn the basics of crystallography with our collection of crystal-related experiments.   For younger students, our bubble-related experiments are simple, safe, and lots of fun. But if youre looking to turn up the heat, explore our collection of fire and smoke experiments.   Because everyone knows science is more fun when you can eat it, try some of our chemistry experiments involving food. And finally, our  weather-related experiments  are perfect for amateur meteorologists any  time of the year.   Turn a Science Project Into a Science Experiment While science projects may be done simply because they are fun and raise interest in a subject, you can use them as the basis for experiments. An experiment is a part of the scientific method. The scientific method, in turn, is a step-by-step process used to ask and answer questions about the natural world. To apply the scientific method, follow these steps: Make observations: Whether youre aware of it or not, you always know something about a subject before you perform a project or experiment with it. Sometimes observations take the form of background research. Sometimes they are qualities of a subject you notice. Its a good idea to keep a notebook to record your experiences before a project. Make notes of anything of interest to you.Propose a hypothesis: Think of a hypothesis in the form of cause and effect. If you take an action, what do you think the effect will be? For the projects in this list, think what might happen if you change the amounts of ingredients or substitute one material for another.Design and perform an experiment: An experiment is a way to test a hypothesis. Example: Do all brands of paper towels pick up the same amount of water? An experiment might be to measure the amount of liquid picked up by different paper towels and see if its the same.Accept or reject the hypothesis: If your hypothesis was that all brands of paper towels are equal, yet your data indicates they picked up different volumes of water, you would reject the hypothesis. Rejecting a hypothesis doesnt mean the science was bad. On the contrary, you can tell more from a rejected hypothesis than an accepted one. Propose a new hypothesis: If you rejected your hypothesis, you can form a new one to test. In other cases, your initial experiment might raise other questions to explore. A Note About Lab Safety Whether you conduct projects in your kitchen or a formal laboratory, keep safety first and foremost in your mind. Always read the instructions and warning labels on chemicals, even common kitchen and cleaning products. In particular, note whether there are restrictions about which chemicals can be stored together and what hazards are associated with the ingredients. Note whether or not a product is toxic or poses a hazard if it is inhaled, ingested, or touches skin.Prepare for an accident before one happens. Know the location of the fire extinguisher and how to use it. Know what to do if you break glassware, accidentally injure yourself, or spill a chemical.Dress appropriately for science. Some projects in this list require no special protective gear. Others are best performed with safety googles, gloves, a lab coat (or old shirt), long pants, and covered shoes.Dont eat or drink around your projects. Many science projects involve materials you dont want to ingest. Also, if youre snacking, youre distracted. Keep your focus on your project.Dont play mad scientist. Young children may think chemistr y is about mixing together chemicals and seeing what happens or that biology involves testing the reactions of animals to different situations. This is not science. Good science is like good cooking. Start by following a protocol to the letter. Once you understand the basic principles, you can expand your experiment in new directions following the principles of the scientific method. A Final Word About Science Projects From each project, youll find links to explore many other science activities. Use these projects as a starting point to ignite interest in science and learn more about a subject. But, dont feel like you need written instructions to continue your exploration of science! You can apply the scientific method to ask and answer any question or explore solutions to any problem. When faced with a question, ask yourself if you can predict an answer and test whether or not it is valid. When you have a problem, use science to logically explore the cause and effect of any action you might take. Before you know it, youll be a scientist.

Pharmacology Oxybutinin Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pharmacology Oxybutinin - Case Study Example Patient reported no history of admission in hospital or any surgical operation being performed on him. He reported no instance of injury where there was involvement of the pelvic region. The patient only reported to have gone for checkups when in childhood he had a dizziness feeling and double vision. The patient is the fifth in the family and college student. There is no one in his family with the same condition. The patient reported no use of tobacco or alcoholic drink. No any illicit drug was reported to be used. The patient reported that he like cycling to school. He further reported that he is not involved in sexual activity. Family is likely noncontributory factor. The patient reported no difficulty of breathing. On further of review of system the patient did no report complains of chest pain, shortness of breath whether resting or on exertion. He also reported no orthopnea while lying down. Also on further review there was no reported paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. The patient did not report any chest pain related condition on questioning him. He reported no problem related with blood pressure. He reported no shortness of breath on activity done. The patient did not report paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea related to cardiac disease. The patient reported no shortness of breath, further he reported no snoring at night and apnea. On further review of system the patient did not report use of pillows while sleeping. Also reported no coughing at night and exertional apnea. The patient did not complained of abnormal bowel sound. The patient reported normal colour texture and consistency of stool. The patient reported normal appetite without deviation to the extreme. In addition, the patient reported no nausea and vomiting for the past days, he did not report constipation or diarrhea. The patient also did not complained dysphagia. The patient complained of polyuria and urgency of micturition. The patient reported no pain

Report on Religious Field Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report on Religious Field Research - Assignment Example This religious teaching emanated from India when Siddharta Gautama, son of King Suddhodana and Queen Maya in 566 BB of Kapilavastu, who reflected the four realities of life: sickness, old age, death, and a wandering monk. He followed the life of the monk, abandoned his wealth and wore ragged robes (Instilling Goodness School, 2013). He practiced ascetic lifestyle to gain enlightenment; do a lot of meditation and eat raw foods, fruits and leaves. Sometimes, he fasted. He realized in life that overdoing things cannot provide happiness in life, but moderation and objective balancing of needs is. Gautama became Buddha, the awakened one (Boundlesslight.webs.com, 2013). He emphasized that suffering is caused by peoples’ dissatisfaction and greed and such could only be eliminated if one would live a life of truth, moderation, meditation, and reflective reasoning of life. He believed that life’s moderation will spare one from unnecessary wants and from overreacting to life†™s circumstances (Instilling Goodness School, 2013). ... While it has been recognized that human failures are sourced from misguidance, misperceptions, distortion, stresses and suffering, but for them, this can be remedied by living a balance life and life of reason as the best remedy for all these things (Boundlesslight.webs.com, 2013). Buddha explicated that happiness is fundamentally based on quiet and simple life: to want what you have and not want those you do not have (Instilling Goodness School, 2013). This is to rule over one’s negativities in life to maintain that composure and peace derived from the inevitabilities of life’s roller coaster realities. Self-control is possible when we all have control of our very lives and when we are reasonably able to maintain that life of reflective reason (Instilling Goodness School, 2013). Buddhism has three major teachings: 1. Nothing is lost in the universe- this asserts that all matters are transformed into energies of the universe and vice versa. For instance, all human being s are finite and life will eventually die and be buried back into the earth. From dust we came and life returns into dust (Instilling Goodness School, 2013). Other life forms emerge from the soil which could either be plants that could provide oxygen which will support the existence of life too. Every person is born from parents and the children grow into adults to become parents too of the younger offspring. Human life perpetuated in this cycle and if people tends to be destructive to the environ where one is evolving would mean that we, too, are destroying our lives (Instilling Goodness School, 2013). 2. Everything Changes – this is the fundamental principle of impermanence.

The Psychological Effects of Change Management

The Psychological Effects of Change Management An organization is a system of interacting subsystems and components set within wider systems and environments which provide inputs to the system and which receive its outputs (Senior, 2002, p.5). That is why each organization affects the system but is being modified by the latter as well. According to Armstrong (2009, p.404), as there is no such thing as ideal organization the change is vital. The author argues that by facing each problem, the organisation should be modified in order to achieve the best fit between the structure and the circumstances (2009, p. 405). On the other hand, an organization has different components such as employees which are the essential assets for a company, highly likely they will be affected from the change management of the organization in different ways. There is no doubt that the most important impact is the psychological one for the employees which is considered as resistance to the new management system. These effects should be managed carefully in order to facilitate the change process. Contrary to those who believe that change can only be successful through coercive measures, this paper argues that change must be implemented through a positive approach which consists of a dialogue process with employees. The communication and the presentation of the change management plan will allow employees to express their thoughts and feelings about it. Because their reaction is taken into account, they will feel part of the change process, and they will be more likely to adapt to a given change. This, at the end, will ease the implementation of change, and will help the company to finalize this process in a more peaceful and successful way. Firstly, the concept of change management concept will be explained briefly. Secondly, the concept of resistance and the psychological effects on the employees such as shock of the new, inconvenience, fear of failure will be discussed, and finally, the mitigation methods which depend on the choice of change management programme will be enum erated such as communication, presentation of the change management plan, and bargaining which will be discussed with their effects. THE CONCEPT OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT The change management is the way of dealing with a possible change process since that every company should be ready for a potential modification in the system in order not to be effected by it in a negative way. The concept is defined by Armstrong such as the process of achieving the smooth implementation of change by planning and introducing it systematically, taking into account the likelihood of it being resisted (2009, p.424). Although the change is the only thing that stays constant in the organization (Armstrong, 2009, p.424), and that is the reason why the change management has a vital place in the organizational life. Change starts with a need of modification in the system and happens during a process. Even though nothing disturbs the organizational life, change will happen in a range of time (Senior, 2002). The reason why the change emerges can be internal or external. The former consists of a revision of the administration, redesign of group jobs, external factors can be ei ther social-cultural or political (Senior, 2002, p.5). There exist three types of change: strategic change which is a long term modification, operational change which is related to a change of a part of an organisation and transformational change which affects dramatically the structure, the process and behaviours of the organization (Armstrong, 2009, p.425). In either way a change management programme is highly required to companies. There is a variety of change programmes, and everyone has its own approach, but five characteristics are common between these according to Binney and Williams : vision, telling people what that vision is, top management determination, planning and programming and adopting the best practice (2005. p.296). The management process aims success by decreasing the resistance against the change. The PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF THE CHANGE MANAGEMENT The change management has psychological effects on employees because of the fact that every modification creates a resistance to the organization. As the former will create a new system for them, it can be said that every change management programme is the change itself. As psychological impacts, shock of the new (Armstrong, 2009, p. 431) can be cited, it means that employees will go through a process that they do not know, and they are afraid of it since it is unknown: the new situation will be distinct from the routine. There is also inconvenience (Armstrong, 2009, p.431) because they may think that their life may be more difficult than the previous one. Moreover, the change causes economic fears and uncertainty of the new situation and the latter symbolises a threat to interpersonal relationships that they build during their former organizational life. The new system will probably bring new rules, and they will need to integrate themselves to the new procedures: as to Steers and Black, they may doubt about their competences and they may have a fear of failure (1994, p. 669). Furthermore, it is also the fact that group norms and role prescriptions can be changed and their status may not be the same as the former. As it has been enumerated before, the employees will face a different aspect of their own organization, their habit and their group norms will change and there will be multiple effects on their psychology. That is the reason why employees will show some kind of a reaction called individual resistance (Steers, Black, 1994, p. 668) to the implication of the change management. The resistance can even cause the failure of the im plementation since employees are the most important assets of the organization. The psychological impact has been covered of five stages by Carnall (1990), which can be helpful to understand the resistances change. These five steps are general ones which employees pass through during the process of change. The first stage is denial (1999, p.211) where the employee does not admit that he needs a change in the organization and tries not to accept any changes with a disbelieve to his employers. Carnall argues that it is a warning period and there will be no decrease of performance. The second stage is the defence(1999, p.212) where the employee gets the new position or the new environment but does not want to do it and find excuses related to the new situation. The third one is discarding (1999, p. 212) when employee starts to let go the past, and starts to getting used to the new procedure. This is where employee accepts that the change was inevitable (1999, p.213). Stage four is adaptation (1999, p. 213) where the integration of the employee is realized and every thing works according to the plan. The last one is the internalization where the new change management plan has been became a normal one (1999, p.214): it is the phase where the normalization of the behaviour occurred. The MITIGATION of THE PSYCOLOGICAL IMPACTS The psychological impact should be mitigated in order to realize the change management aimed. Human element is the prime benchmark at this point, it means that every effort must be made according to the interests of those who have been affected by change (Senior, 2002). Mitigation will help to make the employees accept the change management more easily and adapt them to the new sturucture that they are willing to face. It should be underlined that the mitigation effect depend on the change management nature that has been chosen by the administration. Overcoming the psychological effects can be done in multiple ways, the best is to present the change management programme to the employees and try to get them into the project in order to reach a better level of integration. The communication is essential at this point (Armstrong, 2009), it does not mean that the employee will have influence on the change, but at least they will be able to predict their future, which will bring the decrease of the fear that they feel. It is not necessarily an active participation of employees, but an explanation of the reasons why the company choose to make a modification on the current model of management, and its plan in order not to make frighten employees. Every affects that will be faced depend on the introducing method; it may make people a part of the plan and will push them to collaborate with the company. After communication process, the company should also identify the possible fears and their reasons, and after, the administration should find ways to resolve the problems which may occur during the process (Armstrong, 2009). This kind of an attitude will not only help the integration of the employees to the new system but also will provide more credit to current the administration. On the other hand this communication phase can be done as participation to the decision making. The administration can listen to the employees carefully and take them idea as well for understanding in a better way their point about the change (Beech, Kenna, 2008, p. 95). In that case alienation of employees to the change will be less. The company could choose a step forward of communication: bargaining. In that case the employee is having a role in the process. Thurlys model is a well example, this plan has five steps as directive, bargaining, heart and minds, analytical approach and action based. In this case, the change management is imposed to the employees by the management power at first, but then the process is negotiated between the employee and the employer which will help the administration to understand the possible psychological effects of the change, and modify the plan according to it. A brain storming is being done and the management power will find the best way to adapt the new system. In that model the employee is not only a part of the plan but also is facing the administration which will give the feeling of importance to the employee. Moreover, Beech and Kenna share the same idea, according to them when the administration choose a bargaining method (2008, p.95) the company can attract more people to collaborate in an easy way and employees who had been helped the administration can have a better position in the change management process. Furthermore, training and skill development programmes (Beech, Kenna, 2008) can be used in order to decrease the psychological impacts as fear of failure or inconvenience. On the other hand, the physiological effects can be managed by coercion (direct threat), manipulation, withholding negative data (Beech, Kenna, 2008, p. 95). There is no doubt that the administration will show it force on the employees by these methods but is should be underlined that the fear will be more in long term, and additionally the employees will lose their thrust to the administration. Beer et Al argue that people can adopt to a new organizational system and the change should be done in a sharply way but showing the overcome is always a better way, since the behaviour and conscience are related to each other (Armstrong, 2009, p. 428), and more the employee will see the outcome, the more he will adapt itself to the new situation. CONCLUSION As a conclusion, change for every company is a must since it is interrelated to the system and because of the inputs and outputs, change becomes inevitable. Every organization needs to have a change management plan for being prepared to a new organizational system. There are multiple change management programmes; their common point is their aim which is to decrease the effects of change. Additionally, to every plan there will be a resistance; it is result of fear, prejudice, anxiety and ignorance (Calmon, Paton, 1992, p. 9) the change management plan has psychological impacts on employees such as shock, inconvenience, fear of failure. They live it in five stages as denial, defence, discarding, adaptation, internalization according to Carnall. The psychological effects can be mitigated by communication, participation of the employees to the management plan and bargaining. On the other hand coercion can be a way as well, but the best way is to handle the process by a positive way becau se of the fact that the employee is the most important asset of the company moreover the programme will be more efficient, and easy to adapt.

Susan Sontag :: essays research papers

Susan Sontag, in "Against Interpretation," takes a very interesting critical standpoint on the idea of literary interpretation. Unlike most literary critics, Sontag believes that literary criticism is growing increasingly destructive towards the very works of art that they, supposedly, so greatly "appreciate" and "respect." Her standpoint could not be more accurate. Reading her work generates numerous questions, the most important of which is quite possibly, "How are we to take her final statement, ‘In place of a hermeneutics we need an erotics of art.’" In the light of her previous statements, made throughout the work, one could only see this particular statement as an attempt to reach through the fog that blinds the majority of modern critics. According to Sontag, no work of art, especially literature, can escape the surgical eye of the modern critic; therefore, what is to stop her own work from coming under this blade of critic ism? Sontag’s preparation for this criticism shows in the inclusion of her final statement. She has, in effect, laid a trap for the modern critic (who just happens to be you, me, and practically every other reader) with her final statement as the bait. Once the critic picks apart that last sentence, he will see, with greater clarity, the veracity of her work. Throughout this work, Sontag makes many statements that invite interpretation. Critics may analyze her repeated references to Greek literature or possibly her use of sexual imagery, but none could ignore the simplicity, brevity, and word choice that characterize the concluding sentence. The brevity of the final section is what catches the critical eye and the lurid choice of words is what pulls the critic in. The first question that the interpreter finds him/herself asking is, "Why ‘hermeneutics’ and why ‘erotics’? There must be some significance to these terms." Analysis of these terms reveals the two extremes which Sontag has been comparing throughout her piece; "hermeneutics" being an ideal term to describe the type of over-intellectualization that takes place with modern interpreters, and "erotics" being ideal for describing to just what extreme Sontag thinks art should be experienced. When the critics finally "excavates" this statement and, "...digs ‘behind’ the text, to find a sub-text, which is the true one," he finds, low, and behold, the reinforcement of the very statement that Sontag has been inculcating throughout this piece. It does not take long for the critic to re alize that he/she has been duped.

Amy Tan Fish Cheeks Essay

Amy Tan and Maya Angelou come from extremely different cultures, and trying to feel accepted in American Culture. Both authors discuss a feeling of being an outcast and how their cultural differences set them apart. However, Amy Tan effectively uses narration and description to depict her sense of isolation from the dominant American culture. Angelou’s story is set in the South during the 1930’s when racism was prominent in society and an acceptable practice. Angelou’s writing mostly describes the reaction of the audience as they listen to the boxing match. She does not describe in detail on how this fight affects her or what it means to those around her. Her writing gives the reader a sense of excitement and nervousness, but it does not depict her sense of isolation from the dominant culture. Tan’s story takes place in California during the 1960’s. She feels embarrassed about her Chinese culture when she is faced with having a boy she likes and his family over for Christmas dinner. Tan describes in vivid detail her differences and embarrassment that she feels about being different from the Anglo culture. Tan more effectively describes her own isolation from social norms than Angelou. She describes her feeling and reactions to everything leading up to, during and after the Christmas dinner. Tan’s descriptive detail of her feelings throughout the evening effectively portrays her feelings of isolation and being different from the dominant American culture. The reader feels her humiliation and despair. This is evident when she describes the foods she loves in disgust and how she worries about her family’s manners at the dinner table. Angelou describes the emotions of the people around her and does not focus on her own feelings. Her focus is on the crowd’s emotions during the fight and their celebration following the win. The reader does not feel the same sense of isolation that Tan portrays. Angelo’s story describes the thoughts and feelings of her community during a boxing match. However, she does not focus on her own sense of isolation from the dominant American culture. Tan’s story describes her embarrassment and  fear of humiliation because she is different from her peer. She desperately wants to fit into the dominant American culture and is embarrassed by everything her culture and family represents during the Christmas

Psychological Disorder Analysis Essay example - 1519 Words

Psychological Disorder Analysis PSY/270 March 20, 2011 Psychological Disorder Analysis Marla is a 42-year-old Hispanic female who comes to the mental health clinic complaining of having trouble sleeping, feeling jumpy all of the time, and experiencing an inability to concentrate. These symptoms are causing problems for her at work, where she is an accountant (Axia College). In order to determine Marla condition a clinical interview must be conducted so more information in regards to Marla’s past life and present life can be obtained. Clinical Interview: Clinician: â€Å"Hello Marla what brings you to my office today?† Marla: â€Å"I am not sure I know there is something wrong with me but I don’t understand what or why? I just know†¦show more content†¦After that I just mainly kept to myself and concentrated on school. I spent a lot of time in my dorm and as a result I gained a lot of weight. I just always felt like I had to study a little harder than the other kids. I don’t know maybe I just wasn’t as smart as everyone else.† Clinician: â€Å" Do you have any close friends now?† Marla: â€Å"I never really stayed in touch with anyone and at work well I am always really busy. I had a dog but he ran away. Other than my laptop I guess there really isn’t anyone.† Clinician: â€Å"How do you feel about your current career?† Marla: â€Å"I like my job I mean it pays the bills. It is very repetitive and sometimes the numbers just all seem to run together. It just seems like it is the same thing every day all day.† Clinician: â€Å" Do you feel like you have accomplished most or any of your goals?† Marla: â€Å" I feel like I accomplished some like college and a degree. But I do not have a family or kids. I was told that I could get a manager position. 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